It's no secret that eating hamburgers and fries could affect your waist line but new research has found it can also take a toll on your brain.
it's no secret that … ～はよく知られている
take a toll on … ～に被害（損害）を与える、悪影響を及ぼす、負担をかける
Researchers found that higher intake of a western diet by 14-year-olds had scored lower in cognitive tasks by the age of 17.
cognitive task … 認知的作業
Within the western dietary patterns, the study found participants with a high intake of take-away food, deep fried potatoes, red and processed meat and soft drinks had negative associations that affected their reaction time, mental ability, visual attention, learning and memory.
dietary pattern … 食習慣
mental ability … 知能
visual attention … 視覚的注意
While participants who had higher consumption of fruits and leafy green vegetables, had a positive cognitive performance.
Researcher Dr Anett Nyaradi told Science Network that it could be due to increased micronutrient content from leafy green vegetables, which has linked to enhanced cognitive development.
micronutrient content … 微量栄養素含量
Dr Nyaradi said several factors may be at play in this diet-related decline in cognitive skills, including the level of omega-6 fatty acids in fried foods and red meat.
at play … 作用している
fatty acid … 脂肪酸
Metabolic pathways function best with a balanced 1:1 ratio of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, but the western diet can shift this to a 1:20 or 1:25 ratio, according to Science Network.
metabolic pathway … 代謝経路
Dr Nyaradi told Science Network that high intake of saturated fat and simple carbohydrates has been linked to impairment in the functioning of the hippocampus, which is a brain structure centrally involved in learning and memory that increases its volume during adolescence.
saturated fat … 飽和脂肪
carbohydrate … 炭水化物
impairment … 障害
hippocampus … 海馬
adolescence … 青年期
'Adolescence represents a critical time period for brain development. It is possible that poor diet is a significant risk factor during this period…indeed, our findings support this proposition,' she said.
proposition … 陳述、主張、説
'These findings have important implications for future health policies and health promotion programs.'
implication … 言外の意味、意味合い
The University of Western Australia and the Telethon Kids Institute observed 602 participants from the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort Study.
Each participant were required to fill out a food frequency questionnaire at the age of 14 to identify the factor analysis of 'healthy' and 'Western' dietary patterns.
food frequency questionnaire … 食物頻度アンケート
When they turned 17, a cognitive performance was assessed using a computerised cognitive battery of tests that included six tasks.
a battery of … 一連の～
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