While American consumers were taking advantage of low gas prices to buy trucks and sport utility vehicles in large numbers, some automakers delayed investing in slower-selling electrified vehicles.
But with increases in federal fuel-economy standards looming in 2017, car companies are hustling to bring out hybrid and electric models to help them meet the new rules — even though electrified vehicles make up only 2 percent of overall sales.
fuel-economy … 燃費
loom … （危険、不安、期日などが）不気味に迫る
hustle … 急ぐ
The federal government has mandated corporate average fuel economy of 54.5 miles per gallon by 2025. But companies need to meet an interim standard of about 37 m.p.g. by next year.
mandate … 命じる、命令する
interim standard … 暫定基準
Now, despite declining gas prices, automakers are showing off a raft of electric and hybrid models this week at the annual North American International Auto Show in Detroit.
a raft of … 大量の、多量の
On Monday, Fiat Chrysler Automobiles introduced a plug-in hybrid-electric version of its new minivan model, the Pacifica, making it the first hybrid vehicle in the Italian-American automaker's lineup.
The Pacifica joined several other new electrified models introduced by other automakers at the auto show, including models from Ford Motor Company and General Motors.
Fiat Chrysler has been an industry laggard in the push for electrified cars, relying heavily in recent years on sales of Ram pickups and Jeep sport utility vehicles to drive its growth in the American market.
laggard … 遅れる人、落後者、脱落者
The results, at least financially, have been stellar. Profits have surged and market share has expanded at the expense of Fiat Chrysler's rivals.
stellar … 輝かしい、非常に素晴らしい
But Fiat Chrysler's chief executive, Sergio Marchionne, acknowledged on Monday that his company needed more high-mileage models, and the hybrid minivan was a good starting point.
high-mileage … 燃費の良い、低燃費の
"The 2025 numbers are very high numbers," Mr. Marchionne said at a news conference. "You look around the show at all the hybrids and the electrification as being a solution to the rules in 2025."
The hybrid minivan is powered by a battery charge that can cover 30 miles of driving, at which point a gasoline engine kicks in to extend its range. The company estimates that the vehicle will achieve an equivalent of 80 m.p.g. in city driving.
One hybrid alone will not improve Fiat Chrysler's corporate average fuel numbers enough to meet the coming standards. Last year, the company's fleetwide average was about 22 miles per gallon — making it one of the least fuel-efficient companies in the industry.
Mr. Marchionne said the company would improve its average by continuing to improve the mileage of its conventional gasoline-powered vehicles, as well as by adding hybrids.
Fiat Chrysler is also preparing for stricter federal rules on pollutants by purchasing emissions credits from competitors like Tesla, which can easily meet the standards by virtue of its all-electric product lineup.
pollutant … 汚染物質
emission credit … 排出権
by virtue of … ～のおかげで
Mr. Marchionne said that Fiat Chrysler had to balance how much to spend on new technologies that improve fuel efficiency and cut pollution with the opportunity to buy credits that help it meet emissions standards.
"We will get technology, but at a price," he said. "The cost associated with the plug-in minivan is not inconsequential."
at a price … 相当な代償を払って、相当な値段で
inconsequential … 重要でない、取るに足りない
Buying emissions credits from other carmakers is part of the overall effort to comply with government standards. "It would be nonsensical for us not to utilize that market," he said.
nonsensical … ばかげた、無意味な
Other automakers are also adding vehicles to their lineups that can help improve fleetwide fuel-economy numbers.
Mark Reuss, head of global product development at General Motors, said his company was improving fuel economy across its lineup with smaller, more efficient gasoline engines, aerodynamic designs and reductions in vehicle weight.
aerodynamic … 空気力学の、空気力学的な
But G.M. still needs new vehicles like the all-electric Chevrolet Bolt to make substantial gains in corporatewide fuel economy.
"It is a zero-emission vehicle, so there are a lot of credits for vehicles like the Bolt," Mr. Reuss said. "Our plan is to improve fuel economy on all fronts, from taking weight out of new models to introducing game-changers like the Bolt."
on all fronts … あらゆる面で
game changer … 大変革をもたらす人（企業）
The average fuel economy of vehicles sold in the United States had been improving steadily until gas prices plunged to $2 a gallon last year.
plunge … 急に下がる
Consumers have opted to buy more trucks and S.U.V.s than passenger cars in 2015, resulting in greater overall fuel consumption.
opt to … ～することを選ぶ
In December, the average fuel economy of a new vehicle sold in the United States was 24.9 miles per gallon, according to the University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.
That was the first time in two years that the average fell below 25 miles per gallon, according to figures compiled by the institute.
One analyst said that automakers could hardly be blamed for meeting high demand for pickups and S.U.V.s, even if it set back their fuel-efficiency goals.
set back … 後退させる、（計画などを）遅らせる
"The government is regulating what automakers have to produce to meet new standards, but it isn't what consumers want to buy," said Michelle Krebs, an analyst with the firm Autotrader.
More electric cars and hybrids are coming to the market this year, including a new version of the Toyota Prius hybrid.
On Monday, Ford Motor displayed its Fusion midsize passenger car, which also is offered in a hybrid version and a plug-in variation.
Ford executives said the company was trying to offer electrification options on as many of its vehicles as possible. That way it could respond more quickly to shifts in consumer tastes if gas prices rose.
"Every company has to work hard to achieve these new standards," Ms. Krebs said. "Some, like Fiat Chrysler, need to do more than others because they have been relying on trucks and Jeeps to keep their sales growing."
New fuel-economy rules are not the only area where automakers and federal regulators are grappling with vehicle improvements.
grapple with … ～に取り組む
Companies have been meeting with officials of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration recently to come up with voluntary guidelines to improve vehicle safety. The talks follow record numbers of recalls in the industry, and aggressive enforcement actions by regulators — including the imposition of big fines for safety violations.
voluntary guideline … 自主的なガイドライン
enforcement action … 実行活動、強制行動
imposition … 賦課
Fiat Chrysler, for example, has been hit with $175 million in fines for delaying recalls and failing to follow reporting rules.
"As unpleasant as I find these fines, I understand what prompted them," said Mr. Marchionne, adding that he expected more cooperation between auto companies and the safety agency in the future.
Reuters, citing company officials, reported on Monday that an agreement with regulators on voluntary safety guidelines was imminent. But a spokesman for the safety agency, Gordon Trowbridge, said no accord had been concluded.
imminent … 差し迫った、切迫した
"We're hopeful we have something to announce soon, but nothing has been finalized," he said.
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